Other Sound Card Components

• Digital Signal Processor (DSP): Like a graphics processing unit (GPU), a DSP is a specialized microprocessor. It takes some of the workload off of the computer's CPU by performing calculations for analog and digital conversion. DSPs can process multiple sounds, or channels, simultaneously. Sound cards that do not have their own DSP use the CPU for processing.

• Memory: As with a graphics card, a sound card can use its own memory to provide faster data processing.

• Input and Output Connections: Most sound cards have, at the very minimum, connections for a microphone and speakers. Some include so many input and output connections that they have a breakout box, which often mounts in one of the drive bays, to house them. These connections include:
  • Multiple speaker connections for 3-D and surround sound
  • Sony/Philips Digital Interface (S/PDIF), a file transfer protocol for audio data. It uses either coaxial or optical connections for input to and output from the sound card.
  • Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), used to connect synthesizers or other electronic instruments to their computers.
  • FireWire and USB connections, which connect digital audio or video recorders to the sound card

Photo courtesy HowStuffWorks Shopper A PCI sound card

Next, we'll look at integrated motherboard and external sound control options.